Refactor platform logic within print.h (#11863)

* Remove GCC check from debug

* Remove platform logic from common.mk

* Refactor platform logic within print.h

* restore debug.c format

* headers

* Rename function pointer type

* review comments

* Update tmk_core/common/printf.c

Co-authored-by: Nick Brassel <nick@tzarc.org>

* Format

Co-authored-by: Nick Brassel <nick@tzarc.org>

tmk_core/protocol/lufa/lufa.c

@@ -1025,7 +1025,6 @@ static void setup_usb(void) {
 
     // for Console_Task
     USB_Device_EnableSOFEvents();
-    print_set_sendchar(sendchar);
 }
 
 /** \brief Main