**`default_layer`** indicates a base keymap layer(0-15) which is always valid and to be referred, **`keymap_stat`** is 16bit variable which has current on/off status of layers on its each bit.
Keymap layer '0' is usually `default_layer` and which is the only valid layer and other layers is initially off after boot up firmware, though, you can configured them in `config.h`.
To change `default_layer` will be useful when you want to switch key layout completely, say you use Colmak instead of Qwerty.
Initial state of Keymap Change base layout
----------------------- ------------------
15 15
14 14
13 13
: :
3 3 ____________
2 ____________ 2 / /
1 / / ,->1 /___________/
,->0 /___________/ | 0
| |
`--- default_layer = 0 `--- default_layer = 1
keymap_stat = 0x0001 keymap_stat = 0x0002
On the other hand, you shall change `keymap_state` to overlay base layer with some layers for feature such as navigation keys, function key(F1-F12), media keys or special actions.
Note that ***higher layer has higher priority on stack of layers***, namely firmware falls down from top layer to bottom to look up keycode. Once it spots keycode other than **`KC_TRNS`**(transparent) on a layer it stops searching and lower layers aren't referred.
You can place `KC_TRNS` on overlay layer changes just part of layout to fall back on lower or base layer.
Keymap is **`keymaps[]`** C array in fact and you can define layers in it with **`KEYMAP()`** C macro and keycodes. To use complex actions you need to define `Fn` keycode in **`fn_actions[]`** array.
This is a keymap example for [HHKB](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Hacking_Keyboard) keyboard.
This example has three layers, 'Qwerty' as base layer, 'Cursor' and 'Mousekey'.
In this example,
`Fn0` is a **momentary layer switching** key, you can use keys on Cursor layer while holding the key.
`Fn1` is a momentary layer switching key with tapping feature, you can get semicolon **';'** with taping the key and switch layers while holding the key. The word **'tap'** or **'tapping'** mean to press and release a key quickly.
`Fn2` is a **toggle layer switch** key, you can stay switched layer after releasing the key unlike momentary switching.
You can find other keymap definitions in file `keymap.c` located on project directories.
See [`common/keycode.h`](../common/keycode.h) or keycode table below for the detail. Keycode is internal **8bit code** to inidicate action performed on key in keymap. Keycode has `KC_` prefixed symbol respectively. Most of keycodes like `KC_A` have simple action registers key to host on press and unregister on release, while some of other keycodes has some special actions like `Fn` keys, Media contorl keys, System control keys and Mousekeys.
***In `KEYMAP()` macro you should omit prefix part `KC_` of keycode to keep keymap compact.*** For example, just use `A` instead you place `KC_A` in `KEYMAP()`. Some keycodes has 4-letter **short name** in addition to descriptive name, you'll prefer short one in `KEYMAP()`.
### 1.0 Other key
-`KC_NO` for no aciton
-`KC_TRNS` for layer transparency (See above)
### 1.1 Normal key
-`KC_A` to `KC_Z`, `KC_1` to `KC_0` for alpha numeric key
-`KC_CAPS`, `KC_NLCK`, `KC_SLCK`, `KC_PSCR`, `KC_PAUS`, `KC_APP`, `KC_F1` to `KC_F24`
-`KC_P1` to `KC_P0`, `KC_PDOT`, `KC_PCMM`, `KC_PSLS`, `KC_PAST`, `KC_PMNS`, `KC_PPLS`, `KC_PEQL`, `KC_PENT` for keypad.
### 1.2 Modifier
There are 8 modifiers which has discrimination between left and right.
-`KC_LCTL` and `KC_RCTL` for Control
-`KC_LSFT` and `KC_RSFT` for Shift
-`KC_LALT` and `KC_RALT` for Alt
-`KC_LGUI` and `KC_RGUI` for Windows key or Command key in Mac
### 1.3 Mousekey
-`KC_MS_U`, `KC_MS_D`, `KC_MS_L`, `KC_MS_R` for mouse cursor
-`KC_WH_U`, `KC_WH_D`, `KC_WH_L`, `KC_WH_R` for mouse wheel
-`KC_BTN1`, `KC_BTN2`, `KC_BTN3`, `KC_BTN4`, `KC_BTN5` for mouse buttons
### 1.4 System & Media key
-`KC_PWR`, `KC_SLEP`, `KC_WAKE` for Power, Sleep, Wake
-`KC_MUTE`, `KC_VOLU`, `KC_VOLD` for audio volume control
-`KC_MNXT`, `KC_MPRV`, `KC_MSTP`, `KC_MPLY`, `KC_MSEL` for media control
-`KC_MAIL`, `KC_CALC`, `KC_MYCM` for application launch
-`KC_WSCH`, `KC_WHOM`, `KC_WBAK`, `KC_WFWD`, `KC_WSTP`, `KC_WREF`, `KC_WFAV` for web browser operation
### 1.5 Fn key
`KC_FNnn` are keycodes for `Fn` key which not given any actions at the beginning unlike most of keycodes has its own inborn action. To use these keycodes in `KEYMAP` you need to assign action you want at first. Action of `Fn` key is defined in `fn_actions[]` and its index of the array is identical with number part of `KC_FNnn`. Thus `KC_FN0` keyocde indicates the action defined in first element of the array. ***32 `Fn` keys can be defined at most.***
In regard to implementation side most of keycodes are identical with [HID usage][HID_usage](pdf) sent to host for real and some virtual keycodes are defined to support special actions.
See [`common/action.h`](../common/action.h). Action is a **16bit code** and defines function to perform on events of a key like press, release, holding and tapping.
Most of keys just register 8bit scancode to host, but to support other complex features needs 16bit extended action codes internally. However, using 16bit action codes in keymap results in double size in memory against using jsut keycodes. To avoid this waste 8bit keycodes are used in `KEYMAP` instead of action codes.
***You can just use keycodes of `Normal key`, `Modifier`, `Mousekey` and `System & Media key` in keymap*** to indicate corresponding actions instead of using action codes. While ***to use other special actions you should use keycode of `Fn` key defined in `fn_actions[]`.***
Usually action codes are needed only when you want to use layer switching, or
### 2.1 Key action
This is a simple action that registers scancodes(HID usage in fact) to host on press event of key and unregister on release.
#### 2.1.1 Normal key and Modifier
This action usually won't be used expressly because you can use keycodes in `KEYMAP()` instead.
You can define `Key` action on *'A'* key and *'left shift'* modifier with:
ACTION_KEY(KC_A)
ACTION_KEY(KC_LSHIFT)
#### 2.1.2 Key with modifiers
This action is comprised of strokes of modifiers and a key. `Macro` action is needed if you want more complex key strokes.
Say you want to assign a key to `Shift + 1` to get charactor *'!'* or `Alt + Tab` to switch application windows.
ACTION_LMOD_KEY(KC_LSHIFT, KC_1)
ACTION_LMOD_KEY(KC_LALT, KC_TAB)
Or `Alt,Shift + Tab` can be defined. `ACTION_LMODS_KEY()` requires **4-bit modifier state** and a **keycode** as arguments. See `keycode.h` for `MOD_BIT()` macro.
This C function is called every time key is operated, argument `id` selects action to be performed and `opt` can be used for option. Functon `id` can be 0-255 and `opt` can be 0-15.
`keyrecord_t` is comprised of key event and tap count. `keyevent_t` indicates which and when key is pressed or released. From `tap_count` you can know tap state, 0 means no tap. These information will be used in user function to decide how action of key is performed.
This action makes 'Layer 1' active(valid) on key press event and inactive on release event. Namely you can overlay a layer on base layer temporarily with this.
After switch actions of destination layer are perfomed.
***Thus you shall need to place action to come back on destination layer***, or you will be stuck in destination layer without way to get back. Usually you need to palce same action or 'KC_TRNS` on destination layer to get back.
Tapping is to press and release key quickly. Tapping speed is determined with setting of `TAPPING_TERM`, which can be defined in `config.h`, 200ms by default.
This is feature to assign normal key action and modifier including `Fn` to just one physical key. This is a kind of [Dual role modifier][dual_role]. It works as modifier or `Fn` when holding a key but registers normal key when tapping.
This is feature to assign both toggle layer and momentary switch layer action to just one physical key. It works as mementary switch when holding a key but toggle switch when tapping.
This adds oneshot feature to modifier key. 'One Shot Modifier' is one time modifier which has effect only on following one alpha key.
It works as normal modifier key when holding but oneshot modifier when tapping.
ACTION_LMODS_ONESHOT(mods)
Say you want to type 'The', you have to push and hold Shift before type 't' then release Shift before type 'h' and 'e' or you'll get 'THe'. With One Shot Modifier you can tap Shift then type 't', 'h' and 'e' normally, you don't need to holding Shift key properly here.
This was used in prior version and still works due to legacy support code in `common/keymap.c`. Legacy keymap doesn't support many of features that new keymap offers.
In comparison with new keymap how to define Fn key is different. It uses two arrays `fn_layer[]` and `fn_keycode[]`. The index of arrays corresponds with postfix number of `Fn` key. Array `fn_layer[]` indicates destination layer to switch and `fn_keycode[]` has keycodes to send when tapping `Fn` key.
In following setting example, `Fn0`, `Fn1` and `Fn2` switch layer to 1, 2 and 2 respectively. `Fn2` registers `Space` key when tap while `Fn0` and `Fn1` doesn't send any key.
